08 April 2014 | 18:33

Iran, world powers seek to intensify nuclear talks

Iran and world powers kicked off a new round of nuclear talks Tuesday hoping to make enough progress to move up a gear and start drafting a historic final deal next month, AFP reports.

Threatening to drive a wedge between the powers, however, is the crisis surrounding Ukraine, which has led to the biggest standoff between Russia and the West since the end of the Cold War.

Iran and the five UN Security Council permanent members plus Germany want to transform a deal struck in November into a permanent agreement by the time this temporary accord lapses on July 20.

Doing so is a tall order, however, requiring both sides to tackle thorny issues that will severely test their willingness and ability to give ground to the limit.

So far the mood music has been good, with the powers' chief negotiator, EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton, hailing the last monthly round in mid-March as "substantive and useful".

Likewise Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif told Iranian media afterwards that "there are signs that an understanding is possible that respects the rights of the Iranian nation."

A senior US official involved in the talks said Friday she was "absolutely convinced" a deal could be reached and that both sides were "looking toward beginning drafting (a deal) in May".

But "the real issue is not about whether you can write the words on paper, do the drafting. It's about the choices that Iran has to make, and some of them are very difficult."

Under the November deal, which took effect on January 20, Iran froze certain nuclear activities for six months in exchange for minor relief from sanctions hurting its economy.

As part of the deal, Iran was given greater access to civilian aircraft parts and on Monday Washington said that Boeing had been issued with a temporary licence to do business with the Islamic republic.

Now the powers want Iran to reduce permanently, or at least long-term, the scope of its programme in order to make any dash to make the bomb extremely difficult and easily detectable.

Iran in return wants all sanctions lifted.

The deal may involve Iran slashing the number of centrifuges -- machines "enriching" nuclear material -- changing the design of a new reactor at Arak and giving UN inspectors more oversight.

One issue is proving to be particular tricky -- that of Iran's desire to research and develop newer and faster centrifuges, something which November's deal allowed them to continue, one diplomat said.

Hardliners

Any deal that gives too much away risks losing Iranian President Hassan Rouhani -- who since taking office last year has sought to improve ties with the West -- or the supreme leader.

But leaving too much -- or indeed any -- of Iran's nuclear infrastructure intact would also be a hard sell to sceptical US lawmakers and to Israel, the Middle East's sole if undeclared nuclear power.

So far, the six powers have shown a united front but Moscow's annexation of Crimea last month have sent relations between Russia and the West into a tailspin.

Following the latest unrest in the east, with pro-Russian activists declaring independence, the White House on Monday warned Moscow against efforts to "destabilise Ukraine".

The Kremlin swatted the accusations aside, warning Tuesday the pro-Western government in Kiev against any use of force and saying there was a "risk of unleashing civil war".

Moscow and Iran are said to be negotiating a oil-for-goods deal that would undermine Washington's sanctions efforts, a strategy it credits with getting Iran to talks in the first place.

Russia's chief negotiator, Sergei Ryabkov, fired a warning shot last month, saying Moscow might alter its position on the Iran talks if pushed too far.

"We would not like to use these talks as an element of a stakes-raising game," Ryabkov said. "But if we are forced, here we will take the path of counter-measures."